Past Perfect Tense

Tense : Past Perfect Tense 过去完成式

Formula : -verb to have (had) + past participle (4^th column of the verb list)
                 
                   I / You / We / They/ He / She / It had
                  Ex: had forgotten
                        had bought

Usage :  -An action which has happened/ completed in the past
       在过去的时刻里刚刚完整发生的一件事、已经完成的一个动作。

Examples : a) -I had already eaten pizza.
                       我已经吃了批萨。（昨天你刚到家的时候，我已经吃了批萨）

                    b) -When I reached the railway station, the train had left.

Keywords : -already

Exercise :
Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple (positive).

1. I lost the key that he(give) ______________ to me.
2. She told me that she(see) _______________ a ghost.
3. I went downstairs because I(hear) _________________ a noise.
4. When they came home, Sue(cook) ________________ dinner already.
5. We could not send you a postcard because we(forget) ______________ our address book.   

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Past Progressive Tense

Tense : Past Progressive Tense 过去进行式

Formula : verb to be (was / were) + present participle (2^nd column of the verb list)
                  I / He / She / It was          
                 You / We / They were
                 Ex: was/ were holding
                       was/ were reading

Usage : a) -An action which is happening at an exact time in the past
         在过去的某一时刻正在发生的事、正在持续进行的一个动作

       b)-An action which is happening habitually in the past

                   过去重复性发生的动作

Examples :

a) -I was eating pizza at that time. 那个时候我正在吃着批萨。

b) -The family was having their dinner at a restaurant along the highway.
c) -They were playing pianos when the phone rang.
d) -The guy was always boasting about his painting.

Keywords : -at that time
                   -at that moment
                   *always在此属特殊关键用词

Exercise :

Was or Were?

1. We ________ dancing.
2. The dog ________ barking.
3. The printer ________ printing out a photograph.
4. The pupils ________ writing a test.
5. Sue and Gareth ________ walking up the hill.

Write sentences in past progressive.

1. he / the car / wash →________________________________
2. she / home / go →_______________________________
3. they / not / the match / watch →_________________________________
4. you / in the shop / work →__________________________________
5. I / not / a magazine / read →______________________________

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Simple Past Tense

Tense :

Simple Past Tense 过去简单式

Formula : Past Tense Verb (3^rd column of the verb list)
                   Ex: played
                         drank
                         slept

Usage : -An past action 一个过去的动作

Examples : a) - I ate pizza last night. 我昨晚吃批萨。
                      b) -Peter drove to Penang yesterday.

Keywords : -yesterday
                    -last week
                    -last month
                    -just now

Exercise :
Put the correct forms of the verbs into the gaps. Use the Simple Past in the statements.

Example: She ______ her mother in the kitchen. (to help)

Answer: She helped her mother in the kitchen.

1) They __________________ something to drink. (to order)

2) Last summer I __________________ to Stuttgart. (to go)

3) She ___________________ her homework in the afternoon. (to do)

4) He _________________ to 10. (to count)

5) Our cat __________________ a big mouse. (to catch)

Present Perfect Progressive Tense

Tense : Present Perfect Progressive Tense 现在完成进行式

Formula : verb to have + been + present participle
                  Ex: have/ has been doing
                        have/ has been writing

Usage :

-An action which has been happening for a period of time and still continues happening

 
一个从刚才到现在还在持续发生着的一个动作，截至使用这个tense时尚未完成那个动作

Examples :
a) -I have been eating pizza since 3 o’clock.
我从三点钟开始吃批萨（到现在我还一直吃，而且还未停，还不知道会吃到几点）

b)-He has been listening to music for five hours.

Keywords : -since
                     -for

Exercise :
Put in the verbs in the Present Perfect Progressive and form negative sentences.
Example: Stella _________________ tennis for half an hour now. (not/to play)

Answer: Stella has not been playing tennis for half an hour now. or Stella hasn't been playing tennis for half an hour now.

1) Carl _____________________ to the teacher for the last ten minutes. (not/to listen)

2) The students _____________________ to learn the new words. (not/to try)

3) Kim __________________________ crossword puzzles. (not/to do)

4) The teachers _________________________ in the sun. (not/to lie)

5) I _____________________________ in the last lesson. (not/to sleep)

 

Present Perfect Tense

Tense : Present Perfect Tense 现在完成式

Formula : verb to have (have/ has) + past participle (4^th column of the verb list)
                 I / You / We / They have
                 He / She / It has
                 Ex: have/ has eaten
                       have/ has done

Usage : -An action which has happened/ completed 已经完整发生的一件事、已经完成的一个动作、刚刚发生。

Examples : a) -I have eaten pizza. 我已经吃了批萨。（我吃饱、抹好嘴巴后就说这句话）
                    b) -Nathalie has baked a cheese cake.
                    c) -The pupils have already done their homework.

Keywords : -already

Exercise :
Complete with the present perfect:
1.(to buy) =» I ________________ a bicycle.
2. (to pass) =» I am glad that you ___________________ your exam.
3. (to work) =» Phil _______________ all day.
4. (already + to see) =» I ___________________ this film.
5. (to break out) =» Fire ___________________ in my neighbour's kitchen.

Present Progressive Tense

Tense : Present Progressive Tense 现在进行式

Formula : verb to be (am/ is are) + present participle (2^nd column of the verb list)
                 I am
                 He / She / It is           
                 You / We / They are
                 Ex: am/ is/ are eating
                       am/ is/ are sitting
Usage :

a)  An action which is happening now 正在发生的事、正在持续进行中的一个动作

b)  to describe certain repeated actions that are irritating 用以形容惹人厌烦的某些重复性动作。

Examples : a) I am eating pizza. 我正在吃着批萨。
                  b) They are talking on the phone now.
                  c) Jason is studying for his tests.
                  d) The naughty boy is always disturbing others.Keywords : -Now
                    -At this moment
                    *always在此属特殊关键用词

Exercise :Complete the sentences.
1. She __________________ (read) an English book.
2. They ___________________ (listen) to rock music.
3. We ____________________ (drink) lemonade.
4. Are you _________________ (study) Japanese?
5. I ___________________ (eat) a hamburger.


 

Simple Present Tense

Tense : Simple Present Tense 现在简单式

Formula : I / You / We / They –verb no “s” , He / She / It –verb with “s”
                 Ex: learn-learns
                       go-goes
                       study-studies

Usage : a) Daily habits (things we do every day) 习惯性动作、日常生活活动
              b) An actual fact 事实

Examples : a) -I eat pizza every day. 我每天吃批萨。
                    b) -We always play tennis on Tuesdays.
                    c) -Birds fly in the sky.
                    d) -A butterfly has six legs.

Keywords : -Every day
                    -Always
                    -Usually
                    -Often
                    -Sometimes
                    -Seldom
                    -Rarely
                    -Never

Exercise :
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of words given:

1.Children .................... (make ) a lot of noise.
2.Sarah ......................... (like ) slow music very much.
3.I ....................... (brush ) my teeth twice a day.
4.She ............................. (do ) her homework regularly.
5.Susan ............................ (drink ) milk for breakfast.